تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه شرکت های تعاونی تهیه و تولید نهاده ها و ادوات کشاورزی بر عملکرد آنها: با در نظر گرفتن نقش تعدیل گری گرایش به بازار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 وزارت تعاون کار و رفاه اجتماعی

2 عضو هیات علمی

3 دانش آموخته

10.22034/ajcoop.2017.50461

چکیده

 این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانة شرکت­های تعاونی تهیه و تولید نهاده­ها و ادوات کشاورزی بر عملکرد آنان از نظر مدیران این شرکت‌ها با در نظر گرفتن نقش تعدیل­گری گرایش به بازار انجام گرفت. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و بر اساس نحوة گردآوری داده­ها توصیفی پیمایشی بود. جامعة آماری این پژوهش را رؤسای هیئت‌مدیرة شرکت­های تعاونی تهیه و تولید نهاده­ها و ادوات کشاورزی مستقر در استان­های تهران، فارس و اصفهان تشکیل دادند. برای گردآوری داده­های پژوهش از ابزار پرسش‌نامه با طیف پنج­گزینه‌ای‌ لیکرت استفاده شد. پس از نمونه گیری تصادفی،  داده­ها از 114 شرکت گردآوری گردید. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها، از مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و نرم­افزارهایSPSS21  و Smart PLS3 استفاده شد. پایایی ابزار تحقیق از طریق پیش‌آزمون و محاسبة ضریب آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی ترکیبی و ضریب­های بارهای عاملی و روایی آن به وسیلة روایی همگرا و واگرا تأیید شد. یافته­های پژوهش نشان داد که تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانة این شرکت­ها بر عملکرد آنها مثبت و معنی­دار است، اما گرایش به بازار این رابطه را تعدیل نمی­کند. از طرفی، گرایش به نوآوری، ریسک‌پذیری، پیشگامی و استقلال بر عملکرد شرکت­های مذکور تأثیر مثبت و معنی داری دارد، ولی رقابت تهاجمی بر عملکرد این شرکت‌ها تأثیر معنی داری ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Entrepreneurial Orientation Effect of Agricultural Inputs and Implements Supply Cooperative Companies on Their Performance: With Emphasis on Market Orientation

نویسنده [English]

  • Shahram Moghaddas Farimani 2
چکیده [English]

This research was an attempt to study analytically the effect that entrepreneurial orientation of cooperative companies involved in the supply (provision and production) of agricultural inputs and implements had on their performance in terms of adjusting market orientation (as viewed by the concerned managers). An applied research methodology was employed. Also, a descriptive - survey method was used for data gathering. The statistical population consisted of the companies involved in the supply of agricultural inputs and implements in three provinces, namely Tehran, Fars and Isfahan. The instrument for gathering the data required was a five scales likert type questionnaire. One hundred fourteen managers were selected as samples through random sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis using Spss/win21 and smart PLS3. The reliability of the instrument was supported by a pilot-test, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and load factors, and the findings well revealed that entrepreneurial orientation of the companies involved in the supply of agricultural inputs and implements had a positive meaningful influence on their performance. However, the same relationship did not apply in terms of market orientation. Also, orientation towards innovation and risk. Taking, leading role and independence proved to have positive meaningful influence on the performance of the companies concerned. But the aggressive competition showed no meaningful influence on the performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Orientation
  • Market Orientation
  • performance
  • cooperative companies

مراجع

الوانی، س. م.، عادل آذر، ع. دانایی فرد، ح. (1386). روش شناسی پژوهش کمی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع، تهران: انتشارات اشراقی.
ایمانی­پور، ن. و زیودار، م. (1387). بررسی رابطه گرایش به کارآفرینی شرکتی و عملکرد(مطالعه موردی: نمایندگی های فروش شرکت سهامی بیمه ایران در شهر تهران). نشریه توسعه کارآفرینی، 1(2)، 11-34.
حسینی مقدم، س. م. و حجازی، ی. (1393). تأثیرگرایشکارآفرینانهبرعملکردبانکهابامتغیرمیانجیبازارگرایی.  نشریه توسعهکارآفرینی،7(2)، 211-229.
داوری، ع. و شهباز مرادی، س. (1392). شناسایی تأثیر گرایش کارآفرینانه و عوامل سازمانی بر عملکرد کسب و کار، مورد مطالعه : شرکت های فنی تابعه شرکت ملی نفت ایران. نشریه توسعه کارآفرینی، 6(3)، 125-143.
سرمد، ز.، بازرگان، ع. و حجازی، ا. (1390). روش پژوهش در علوم رفتاری. ویرایش اول. چاپ بیست و سوم. تهران: نشر آگاه.
مهدی وند، م. و زالی، م. (1390). تأثیرسرمایهفکریبرگرایش کارآفرینانهوعملکردسازمانی درکسبوکارهاینانو. توسعهکارآفرینی،4(14)، 47-66.
نیکومرام، ه. وحیدرزاده، ک. (1385). ارزیابیتأثیرگرایشکارآفرینانهوبازارگراییبرعملکردکسبوکار شرکتهایتولیدی– شرکت‎هایپذیرفتهشدهدربورساوراقبهادار. فصلنامه مدیریت بازاریابی، 1(1)، 1-50.
Allen, R., Helms, M., Takeda, M., & White, C. (2006). A comparison of competitive strategies in Japan and theUnited States. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 71(1), 24–34.
Andersén, J. (2010). A critical examination of the EO-performance relationship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(4), 309-328.
Awang, A. S., Khalid, A., Kassim, K. M., Ismail, M., Zain, R. S., & Madar,
A. R. S.  (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance relations of Malaysian Bumiputera SMEs: The impact of some perceived environmental factors. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), 84.
Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (2009). The complementary effects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 443-464.
Boso, N. M., Story, V., & Cadogan, J. W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 708-727.
Certo, S. T., Moss, T. W., & Short, J. C. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: An applied perspective. Business Horizons, 52(4), 319-324.
Chirico, F., & Sirman, D. M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in family firms: The joint effect of generational involvement and participative strategy. Submitted to the Family Business Special Issue in Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. Retrieved from http://www. clsbe.lisboa.ucp.pt/resources/Documents/Professors/Unicef/Seminarious/0220_chirrico_Paper.pdf.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677-702.
Dada, O., & Watson, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and the franchise system: Organisational antecedents and performance outcomes. European Journal of Marketing, 47(5/6), 790-812.
Davis, J. L., Greg Bell, R., Tyge Payne, G., & Kreiser, P. M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm. performance: The moderating role of managerial power. American Journal of Business, 25(2), 41-54.
Frishammar, J. & Åke Hörte, S. (2007). The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(6), 765-788.
Gonzalez-Benito, O., González-Benito, J., & Muñoz-Gallego, P. A. (2009). Role of entrepreneurship and market orientation in firms' success. European Journal of Marketing, 43(3/4), 500-522.
Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (Eds.) (2013). Structural equation modeling: A second course. (2nd ed.). Charlotte. NC:Information Age Publishing. Inc.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M.  & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing (AIM). 20, 277-320.
Hoyle, R. H. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of structural equation modeling. NewYork: Guilford Press.
Hsieh, M.H., Tsai, K.H., & Wang, J. R. (2008), The moderating effects of market orientation and launch proficiency on the product advantage-performance relationship. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 37, 580-592.
Hughes, M., & Morgan, R. E. (2007). Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(5), 651-661.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Karacaoglu, K., Bayrakdaroglu, A. & San, F. B.  (2012). The impact of corporate entrepreneurship on firms’ financial Performance: Evidence from Istanbul Stock Exchange Firms. International Business Research, 6(1), 163.
Kirca, A. H., Jayachandran, S. & Bearden, W. O. (2005). Market orientation: A meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 24-41.
Kirschkamp, A. (2008). Contingency Theory as an Approach to Explain Early Warning Behavior. A Contingency-Based View of Chief Executive Officers’ Early Warning Behavior: An Empirical Analysis of German Medium-Sized Companies, 27-50.
Kropp, F., Lindsay, N.J.,  &Shoham, A.  (2008), Entrepreneurial orientation and international entrepreneurial business venture startup. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 14(2), 102-17.
Lechner, C. &  Gudmundsson, S. V. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance. International Small Business Journal, 32(1), 36-60.
Lee, S. M., & Lim, S. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of service business. Service Business, 3(1), 1-13.
Li, J. J., & Zhou, K. Z. (2010). How foreign firms achieve competitive advantage in the Chinese emerging economy: Managerial ties and market orientation. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 856 - 862.
Li, Y. H., Huang, J. W., & Tsai, M. T. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The role of knowledge creation process. Industrial marketing management, 38(4), 440-449.
Liu, H. W., Kee, Wei, K. & Hua, Z. (2013). Effects of supply chain integration and market orientation on firm performance: Evidence from China. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(3), 322-346.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Matear, S., Osborne, P., Garrett, T., & Gray, B.J. (2002). How does market orientation contributeto serve firm performance? An examination of alternative mechanism. European Journalof Marketing, Vol. 36, 1058-75.
Matsuno, K., Mentzer, J. T. &Ozsomer, A. (2002). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 537–554.
Merlo, O., & Auh, S. (2009). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, and marketing subunit influence on firm performance. Marketing Letters, 20(3), 295-311.
Messersmith, J., & Wales, W. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role ofhuman resource management. International Small Business Journal. Epub ahead of print, 16 November2011. DOI: 10.1177/0266242611416141
Morgan, R. E., & Strong, C. A. (2003). Business performance and dimensions of strategic orientation.  Journal of Business Research, 56(3), 163-176.
Morgan, T., Anokhin, S., Kretinin, A., & Frishammar, J. (2014). The dark side of the entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation interplay: A new product development perspective. International Small Business Journal, 0266242614521054.
Murphy, G. B., Trailer, J. W., & Hill, R. C. (1996). Measuring performance in entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 15-23.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761-787.
Slotwinski, D. L. (2010). Determining the statistical significance of environmental uncertainty on the relationship among performance. entrepreneurial orientation, and strategy for Washington State manufacturing firms. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
Smart, D. T., & Conant, J. S. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 10(3), 28-38.
Spillan, J. E., Kara, A., King, D. O., & McGinnism, M. A. (2013). Market orientation and firm performance: An empirical analysis of Ghanaian microenterprises. Journal of Global Marketing, 26(5), 258-272.
Stam, W., & Elfring., T. (2006). Enterpreneurial orientation and new venture performance: The medlating effect of network strategies. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2006, No. 1, pp. K1-K6). Academy of Management.
Swierczek, F. W., & Ha, T. T. (2003). Entrepreneurial orientation. uncertainty avoidance and firm performance: an analysis of Thai and Vietnamese SMEs. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(1), 46-58.
Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E. , Chatelin, Y. M. & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS Path modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, Vol. 1, 159-205.
Wales, W., Gupta, V. & Mousa, F-T. (2011). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessmentand suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal. Epub ahead of print, 13November 2011. DOI: 10.11777/0266242611418261
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 71-91.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار